def test_foo(): from unittest.mock import MagicMock, call f = MagicMock() f("foo", [b"bar"]) f("foo", [b"baz"]) f.assert_has_calls( [ call("foo", ["bar"]), call("foo", ["baz"]), ], > any_order=True ) E AssertionError: (call('foo', ['bar']), call('foo', ['baz'])) not all found in call list E E pytest introspection follows: E E Args: E assert ('foo', [b'baz']) == ([call('foo', ['bar']), call('foo', ['baz'])],) E At index 0 diff: 'foo' != [call('foo', ['bar']), call('foo', ['baz'])] E Left contains one more item: [b'baz'] E Full diff: E - ([call('foo', ['bar']), call('foo', ['baz'])],) E + ('foo', [b'baz']) E Kwargs: E assert {} == {'any_order': True} E Right contains 1 more item: E {'any_order': True} E Full diff: E - {'any_order': True} E + {}