def escape(data, toplevel=True):
    if data is None:
        return ""
    if isinstance(data, bytes):
        return "\\x%s" % binascii.hexlify(data).decode("ascii")
    elif isinstance(data, str):
        return '"%s"' % data.replace('"', '""')
    elif isinstance(data, datetime.datetime):
        # We escape twice to make sure the string generated by
        # isoformat gets escaped
        return escape(data.isoformat())
    elif isinstance(data, dict):
        return escape(json.dumps(data))
    elif isinstance(data, (list, tuple)):
        ret = "{%s}" % ",".join(escape(d, toplevel=False) for d in data)
        if toplevel:
            ret = '"%s"' % ret.replace("\\", "\\\\")
        return ret
    elif isinstance(data, psycopg2.extras.Range):
        # We escape twice here too, so that we make sure
        # everything gets passed to copy properly
        return escape(
            "%s%s,%s%s"
            % (
                "[" if data.lower_inc else "(",
                "-infinity" if data.lower_inf else escape(data.lower),
                "infinity" if data.upper_inf else escape(data.upper),
                "]" if data.upper_inc else ")",
            )
        )
    elif isinstance(data, enum.IntEnum):
        return escape(int(data))
    else:
        # We don't escape here to make sure we pass literals properly
        return str(data)