self = <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f66886684e0> def _new_conn(self): """Establish a socket connection and set nodelay settings on it. :return: New socket connection. """ extra_kw = {} if self.source_address: extra_kw["source_address"] = self.source_address if self.socket_options: extra_kw["socket_options"] = self.socket_options try: conn = connection.create_connection( > (self._dns_host, self.port), self.timeout, **extra_kw ) .tox/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py:175: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address = ('127.0.0.1', 9834), timeout = None, source_address = None socket_options = [(6, 1, 1)] def create_connection( address, timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, source_address=None, socket_options=None, ): """Connect to *address* and return the socket object. Convenience function. Connect to *address* (a 2-tuple ``(host, port)``) and return the socket object. Passing the optional *timeout* parameter will set the timeout on the socket instance before attempting to connect. If no *timeout* is supplied, the global default timeout setting returned by :func:`socket.getdefaulttimeout` is used. If *source_address* is set it must be a tuple of (host, port) for the socket to bind as a source address before making the connection. An host of '' or port 0 tells the OS to use the default. """ host, port = address if host.startswith("["): host = host.strip("[]") err = None # Using the value from allowed_gai_family() in the context of getaddrinfo lets # us select whether to work with IPv4 DNS records, IPv6 records, or both. # The original create_connection function always returns all records. family = allowed_gai_family() try: host.encode("idna") except UnicodeError: return six.raise_from( LocationParseError(u"'%s', label empty or too long" % host), None ) for res in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, socket.SOCK_STREAM): af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res sock = None try: sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto) # If provided, set socket level options before connecting. _set_socket_options(sock, socket_options) if timeout is not socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT: sock.settimeout(timeout) if source_address: sock.bind(source_address) sock.connect(sa) return sock except socket.error as e: err = e if sock is not None: sock.close() sock = None if err is not None: > raise err .tox/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/util/connection.py:95: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ address = ('127.0.0.1', 9834), timeout = None, source_address = None socket_options = [(6, 1, 1)] def create_connection( address, timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, source_address=None, socket_options=None, ): """Connect to *address* and return the socket object. Convenience function. Connect to *address* (a 2-tuple ``(host, port)``) and return the socket object. Passing the optional *timeout* parameter will set the timeout on the socket instance before attempting to connect. If no *timeout* is supplied, the global default timeout setting returned by :func:`socket.getdefaulttimeout` is used. If *source_address* is set it must be a tuple of (host, port) for the socket to bind as a source address before making the connection. An host of '' or port 0 tells the OS to use the default. """ host, port = address if host.startswith("["): host = host.strip("[]") err = None # Using the value from allowed_gai_family() in the context of getaddrinfo lets # us select whether to work with IPv4 DNS records, IPv6 records, or both. # The original create_connection function always returns all records. family = allowed_gai_family() try: host.encode("idna") except UnicodeError: return six.raise_from( LocationParseError(u"'%s', label empty or too long" % host), None ) for res in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, socket.SOCK_STREAM): af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res sock = None try: sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto) # If provided, set socket level options before connecting. _set_socket_options(sock, socket_options) if timeout is not socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT: sock.settimeout(timeout) if source_address: sock.bind(source_address) > sock.connect(sa) E ConnectionRefusedError: [Errno 111] Connection refused .tox/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/util/connection.py:85: ConnectionRefusedError During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: self = <urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool object at 0x7f6688668cc0> method = 'POST', url = '/' body = b'{"query": "\\n {\\n origins(first: 10) {\\n nodes {\\n url\\n }\\n }\\n }\\n "}' headers = {'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.27.1', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Length': '145', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'} retries = Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=False, redirect=None, status=None) redirect = False, assert_same_host = False timeout = Timeout(connect=None, read=None, total=None), pool_timeout = None release_conn = False, chunked = False, body_pos = None response_kw = {'decode_content': False, 'preload_content': False} parsed_url = Url(scheme=None, auth=None, host=None, port=None, path='/', query=None, fragment=None) destination_scheme = None, conn = None, release_this_conn = True http_tunnel_required = False, err = None, clean_exit = False def urlopen( self, method, url, body=None, headers=None, retries=None, redirect=True, assert_same_host=True, timeout=_Default, pool_timeout=None, release_conn=None, chunked=False, body_pos=None, **response_kw ): """ Get a connection from the pool and perform an HTTP request. This is the lowest level call for making a request, so you'll need to specify all the raw details. .. note:: More commonly, it's appropriate to use a convenience method provided by :class:`.RequestMethods`, such as :meth:`request`. .. note:: `release_conn` will only behave as expected if `preload_content=False` because we want to make `preload_content=False` the default behaviour someday soon without breaking backwards compatibility. :param method: HTTP request method (such as GET, POST, PUT, etc.) :param url: The URL to perform the request on. :param body: Data to send in the request body, either :class:`str`, :class:`bytes`, an iterable of :class:`str`/:class:`bytes`, or a file-like object. :param headers: Dictionary of custom headers to send, such as User-Agent, If-None-Match, etc. If None, pool headers are used. If provided, these headers completely replace any pool-specific headers. :param retries: Configure the number of retries to allow before raising a :class:`~urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError` exception. Pass ``None`` to retry until you receive a response. Pass a :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry` object for fine-grained control over different types of retries. Pass an integer number to retry connection errors that many times, but no other types of errors. Pass zero to never retry. If ``False``, then retries are disabled and any exception is raised immediately. Also, instead of raising a MaxRetryError on redirects, the redirect response will be returned. :type retries: :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry`, False, or an int. :param redirect: If True, automatically handle redirects (status codes 301, 302, 303, 307, 308). Each redirect counts as a retry. Disabling retries will disable redirect, too. :param assert_same_host: If ``True``, will make sure that the host of the pool requests is consistent else will raise HostChangedError. When ``False``, you can use the pool on an HTTP proxy and request foreign hosts. :param timeout: If specified, overrides the default timeout for this one request. It may be a float (in seconds) or an instance of :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`. :param pool_timeout: If set and the pool is set to block=True, then this method will block for ``pool_timeout`` seconds and raise EmptyPoolError if no connection is available within the time period. :param release_conn: If False, then the urlopen call will not release the connection back into the pool once a response is received (but will release if you read the entire contents of the response such as when `preload_content=True`). This is useful if you're not preloading the response's content immediately. You will need to call ``r.release_conn()`` on the response ``r`` to return the connection back into the pool. If None, it takes the value of ``response_kw.get('preload_content', True)``. :param chunked: If True, urllib3 will send the body using chunked transfer encoding. Otherwise, urllib3 will send the body using the standard content-length form. Defaults to False. :param int body_pos: Position to seek to in file-like body in the event of a retry or redirect. Typically this won't need to be set because urllib3 will auto-populate the value when needed. :param \\**response_kw: Additional parameters are passed to :meth:`urllib3.response.HTTPResponse.from_httplib` """ parsed_url = parse_url(url) destination_scheme = parsed_url.scheme if headers is None: headers = self.headers if not isinstance(retries, Retry): retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=redirect, default=self.retries) if release_conn is None: release_conn = response_kw.get("preload_content", True) # Check host if assert_same_host and not self.is_same_host(url): raise HostChangedError(self, url, retries) # Ensure that the URL we're connecting to is properly encoded if url.startswith("/"): url = six.ensure_str(_encode_target(url)) else: url = six.ensure_str(parsed_url.url) conn = None # Track whether `conn` needs to be released before # returning/raising/recursing. Update this variable if necessary, and # leave `release_conn` constant throughout the function. That way, if # the function recurses, the original value of `release_conn` will be # passed down into the recursive call, and its value will be respected. # # See issue #651 [1] for details. # # [1] <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/651> release_this_conn = release_conn http_tunnel_required = connection_requires_http_tunnel( self.proxy, self.proxy_config, destination_scheme ) # Merge the proxy headers. Only done when not using HTTP CONNECT. We # have to copy the headers dict so we can safely change it without those # changes being reflected in anyone else's copy. if not http_tunnel_required: headers = headers.copy() headers.update(self.proxy_headers) # Must keep the exception bound to a separate variable or else Python 3 # complains about UnboundLocalError. err = None # Keep track of whether we cleanly exited the except block. This # ensures we do proper cleanup in finally. clean_exit = False # Rewind body position, if needed. Record current position # for future rewinds in the event of a redirect/retry. body_pos = set_file_position(body, body_pos) try: # Request a connection from the queue. timeout_obj = self._get_timeout(timeout) conn = self._get_conn(timeout=pool_timeout) conn.timeout = timeout_obj.connect_timeout is_new_proxy_conn = self.proxy is not None and not getattr( conn, "sock", None ) if is_new_proxy_conn and http_tunnel_required: self._prepare_proxy(conn) # Make the request on the httplib connection object. httplib_response = self._make_request( conn, method, url, timeout=timeout_obj, body=body, headers=headers, > chunked=chunked, ) .tox/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:710: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ self = <urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool object at 0x7f6688668cc0> conn = <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f66886684e0> method = 'POST', url = '/' timeout = Timeout(connect=None, read=None, total=None), chunked = False httplib_request_kw = {'body': b'{"query": "\\n {\\n origins(first: 10) {\\n nodes {\\n url\\n ...p, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Length': '145', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'}} timeout_obj = Timeout(connect=None, read=None, total=None) def _make_request( self, conn, method, url, timeout=_Default, chunked=False, **httplib_request_kw ): """ Perform a request on a given urllib connection object taken from our pool. :param conn: a connection from one of our connection pools :param timeout: Socket timeout in seconds for the request. This can be a float or integer, which will set the same timeout value for the socket connect and the socket read, or an instance of :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`, which gives you more fine-grained control over your timeouts. """ self.num_requests += 1 timeout_obj = self._get_timeout(timeout) timeout_obj.start_connect() conn.timeout = timeout_obj.connect_timeout # Trigger any extra validation we need to do. try: self._validate_conn(conn) except (SocketTimeout, BaseSSLError) as e: # Py2 raises this as a BaseSSLError, Py3 raises it as socket timeout. self._raise_timeout(err=e, url=url, timeout_value=conn.timeout) raise # conn.request() calls http.client.*.request, not the method in # urllib3.request. It also calls makefile (recv) on the socket. try: if chunked: conn.request_chunked(method, url, **httplib_request_kw) else: > conn.request(method, url, **httplib_request_kw) .tox/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:398: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ self = <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f66886684e0> method = 'POST', url = '/' body = b'{"query": "\\n {\\n origins(first: 10) {\\n nodes {\\n url\\n }\\n }\\n }\\n "}' headers = {'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.27.1', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Length': '145', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'} def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None): if headers is None: headers = {} else: # Avoid modifying the headers passed into .request() headers = headers.copy() if "user-agent" not in (six.ensure_str(k.lower()) for k in headers): headers["User-Agent"] = _get_default_user_agent() > super(HTTPConnection, self).request(method, url, body=body, headers=headers) .tox/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py:239: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ self = <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f66886684e0> method = 'POST', url = '/' body = b'{"query": "\\n {\\n origins(first: 10) {\\n nodes {\\n url\\n }\\n }\\n }\\n "}' headers = {'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.27.1', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Length': '145', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'} def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers={}, *, encode_chunked=False): """Send a complete request to the server.""" > self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked) /usr/lib/python3.7/http/client.py:1260: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ self = <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f66886684e0> method = 'POST', url = '/' body = b'{"query": "\\n {\\n origins(first: 10) {\\n nodes {\\n url\\n }\\n }\\n }\\n "}' headers = {'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.27.1', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Length': '145', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'} encode_chunked = False def _send_request(self, method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked): # Honor explicitly requested Host: and Accept-Encoding: headers. header_names = frozenset(k.lower() for k in headers) skips = {} if 'host' in header_names: skips['skip_host'] = 1 if 'accept-encoding' in header_names: skips['skip_accept_encoding'] = 1 self.putrequest(method, url, **skips) # chunked encoding will happen if HTTP/1.1 is used and either # the caller passes encode_chunked=True or the following # conditions hold: # 1. content-length has not been explicitly set # 2. the body is a file or iterable, but not a str or bytes-like # 3. Transfer-Encoding has NOT been explicitly set by the caller if 'content-length' not in header_names: # only chunk body if not explicitly set for backwards # compatibility, assuming the client code is already handling the # chunking if 'transfer-encoding' not in header_names: # if content-length cannot be automatically determined, fall # back to chunked encoding encode_chunked = False content_length = self._get_content_length(body, method) if content_length is None: if body is not None: if self.debuglevel > 0: print('Unable to determine size of %r' % body) encode_chunked = True self.putheader('Transfer-Encoding', 'chunked') else: self.putheader('Content-Length', str(content_length)) else: encode_chunked = False for hdr, value in headers.items(): self.putheader(hdr, value) if isinstance(body, str): # RFC 2616 Section 3.7.1 says that text default has a # default charset of iso-8859-1. body = _encode(body, 'body') > self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked) /usr/lib/python3.7/http/client.py:1306: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ self = <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f66886684e0> message_body = b'{"query": "\\n {\\n origins(first: 10) {\\n nodes {\\n url\\n }\\n }\\n }\\n "}' def endheaders(self, message_body=None, *, encode_chunked=False): """Indicate that the last header line has been sent to the server. This method sends the request to the server. The optional message_body argument can be used to pass a message body associated with the request. """ if self.__state == _CS_REQ_STARTED: self.__state = _CS_REQ_SENT else: raise CannotSendHeader() > self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked) /usr/lib/python3.7/http/client.py:1255: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ self = <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f66886684e0> message_body = b'{"query": "\\n {\\n origins(first: 10) {\\n nodes {\\n url\\n }\\n }\\n }\\n "}' encode_chunked = False def _send_output(self, message_body=None, encode_chunked=False): """Send the currently buffered request and clear the buffer. Appends an extra \\r\\n to the buffer. A message_body may be specified, to be appended to the request. """ self._buffer.extend((b"", b"")) msg = b"\r\n".join(self._buffer) del self._buffer[:] > self.send(msg) /usr/lib/python3.7/http/client.py:1030: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ self = <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f66886684e0> data = b'POST / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: 127.0.0.1:9834\r\nUser-Agent: python-requests/2.27.1\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate\r\nAccept: */*\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\nContent-Length: 145\r\nContent-Type: application/json\r\n\r\n' def send(self, data): """Send `data' to the server. ``data`` can be a string object, a bytes object, an array object, a file-like object that supports a .read() method, or an iterable object. """ if self.sock is None: if self.auto_open: > self.connect() /usr/lib/python3.7/http/client.py:970: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ self = <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f66886684e0> def connect(self): > conn = self._new_conn() .tox/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py:205: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ self = <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f66886684e0> def _new_conn(self): """Establish a socket connection and set nodelay settings on it. :return: New socket connection. """ extra_kw = {} if self.source_address: extra_kw["source_address"] = self.source_address if self.socket_options: extra_kw["socket_options"] = self.socket_options try: conn = connection.create_connection( (self._dns_host, self.port), self.timeout, **extra_kw ) except SocketTimeout: raise ConnectTimeoutError( self, "Connection to %s timed out. (connect timeout=%s)" % (self.host, self.timeout), ) except SocketError as e: raise NewConnectionError( > self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e ) E urllib3.exceptions.NewConnectionError: <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f66886684e0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused .tox/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py:187: NewConnectionError During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: self = <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter object at 0x7f6688660898> request = <PreparedRequest [POST]>, stream = False timeout = Timeout(connect=None, read=None, total=None), verify = True cert = None, proxies = OrderedDict() def send(self, request, stream=False, timeout=None, verify=True, cert=None, proxies=None): """Sends PreparedRequest object. Returns Response object. :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` being sent. :param stream: (optional) Whether to stream the request content. :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple. :type timeout: float or tuple or urllib3 Timeout object :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path to a CA bundle to use :param cert: (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate to be trusted. :param proxies: (optional) The proxies dictionary to apply to the request. :rtype: requests.Response """ try: conn = self.get_connection(request.url, proxies) except LocationValueError as e: raise InvalidURL(e, request=request) self.cert_verify(conn, request.url, verify, cert) url = self.request_url(request, proxies) self.add_headers(request, stream=stream, timeout=timeout, verify=verify, cert=cert, proxies=proxies) chunked = not (request.body is None or 'Content-Length' in request.headers) if isinstance(timeout, tuple): try: connect, read = timeout timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=connect, read=read) except ValueError as e: # this may raise a string formatting error. err = ("Invalid timeout {}. Pass a (connect, read) " "timeout tuple, or a single float to set " "both timeouts to the same value".format(timeout)) raise ValueError(err) elif isinstance(timeout, TimeoutSauce): pass else: timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=timeout, read=timeout) try: if not chunked: resp = conn.urlopen( method=request.method, url=url, body=request.body, headers=request.headers, redirect=False, assert_same_host=False, preload_content=False, decode_content=False, retries=self.max_retries, > timeout=timeout ) .tox/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests/adapters.py:450: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ self = <urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool object at 0x7f6688668cc0> method = 'POST', url = '/' body = b'{"query": "\\n {\\n origins(first: 10) {\\n nodes {\\n url\\n }\\n }\\n }\\n "}' headers = {'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.27.1', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Length': '145', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'} retries = Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=False, redirect=None, status=None) redirect = False, assert_same_host = False timeout = Timeout(connect=None, read=None, total=None), pool_timeout = None release_conn = False, chunked = False, body_pos = None response_kw = {'decode_content': False, 'preload_content': False} parsed_url = Url(scheme=None, auth=None, host=None, port=None, path='/', query=None, fragment=None) destination_scheme = None, conn = None, release_this_conn = True http_tunnel_required = False, err = None, clean_exit = False def urlopen( self, method, url, body=None, headers=None, retries=None, redirect=True, assert_same_host=True, timeout=_Default, pool_timeout=None, release_conn=None, chunked=False, body_pos=None, **response_kw ): """ Get a connection from the pool and perform an HTTP request. This is the lowest level call for making a request, so you'll need to specify all the raw details. .. note:: More commonly, it's appropriate to use a convenience method provided by :class:`.RequestMethods`, such as :meth:`request`. .. note:: `release_conn` will only behave as expected if `preload_content=False` because we want to make `preload_content=False` the default behaviour someday soon without breaking backwards compatibility. :param method: HTTP request method (such as GET, POST, PUT, etc.) :param url: The URL to perform the request on. :param body: Data to send in the request body, either :class:`str`, :class:`bytes`, an iterable of :class:`str`/:class:`bytes`, or a file-like object. :param headers: Dictionary of custom headers to send, such as User-Agent, If-None-Match, etc. If None, pool headers are used. If provided, these headers completely replace any pool-specific headers. :param retries: Configure the number of retries to allow before raising a :class:`~urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError` exception. Pass ``None`` to retry until you receive a response. Pass a :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry` object for fine-grained control over different types of retries. Pass an integer number to retry connection errors that many times, but no other types of errors. Pass zero to never retry. If ``False``, then retries are disabled and any exception is raised immediately. Also, instead of raising a MaxRetryError on redirects, the redirect response will be returned. :type retries: :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry`, False, or an int. :param redirect: If True, automatically handle redirects (status codes 301, 302, 303, 307, 308). Each redirect counts as a retry. Disabling retries will disable redirect, too. :param assert_same_host: If ``True``, will make sure that the host of the pool requests is consistent else will raise HostChangedError. When ``False``, you can use the pool on an HTTP proxy and request foreign hosts. :param timeout: If specified, overrides the default timeout for this one request. It may be a float (in seconds) or an instance of :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`. :param pool_timeout: If set and the pool is set to block=True, then this method will block for ``pool_timeout`` seconds and raise EmptyPoolError if no connection is available within the time period. :param release_conn: If False, then the urlopen call will not release the connection back into the pool once a response is received (but will release if you read the entire contents of the response such as when `preload_content=True`). This is useful if you're not preloading the response's content immediately. You will need to call ``r.release_conn()`` on the response ``r`` to return the connection back into the pool. If None, it takes the value of ``response_kw.get('preload_content', True)``. :param chunked: If True, urllib3 will send the body using chunked transfer encoding. Otherwise, urllib3 will send the body using the standard content-length form. Defaults to False. :param int body_pos: Position to seek to in file-like body in the event of a retry or redirect. Typically this won't need to be set because urllib3 will auto-populate the value when needed. :param \\**response_kw: Additional parameters are passed to :meth:`urllib3.response.HTTPResponse.from_httplib` """ parsed_url = parse_url(url) destination_scheme = parsed_url.scheme if headers is None: headers = self.headers if not isinstance(retries, Retry): retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=redirect, default=self.retries) if release_conn is None: release_conn = response_kw.get("preload_content", True) # Check host if assert_same_host and not self.is_same_host(url): raise HostChangedError(self, url, retries) # Ensure that the URL we're connecting to is properly encoded if url.startswith("/"): url = six.ensure_str(_encode_target(url)) else: url = six.ensure_str(parsed_url.url) conn = None # Track whether `conn` needs to be released before # returning/raising/recursing. Update this variable if necessary, and # leave `release_conn` constant throughout the function. That way, if # the function recurses, the original value of `release_conn` will be # passed down into the recursive call, and its value will be respected. # # See issue #651 [1] for details. # # [1] <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/651> release_this_conn = release_conn http_tunnel_required = connection_requires_http_tunnel( self.proxy, self.proxy_config, destination_scheme ) # Merge the proxy headers. Only done when not using HTTP CONNECT. We # have to copy the headers dict so we can safely change it without those # changes being reflected in anyone else's copy. if not http_tunnel_required: headers = headers.copy() headers.update(self.proxy_headers) # Must keep the exception bound to a separate variable or else Python 3 # complains about UnboundLocalError. err = None # Keep track of whether we cleanly exited the except block. This # ensures we do proper cleanup in finally. clean_exit = False # Rewind body position, if needed. Record current position # for future rewinds in the event of a redirect/retry. body_pos = set_file_position(body, body_pos) try: # Request a connection from the queue. timeout_obj = self._get_timeout(timeout) conn = self._get_conn(timeout=pool_timeout) conn.timeout = timeout_obj.connect_timeout is_new_proxy_conn = self.proxy is not None and not getattr( conn, "sock", None ) if is_new_proxy_conn and http_tunnel_required: self._prepare_proxy(conn) # Make the request on the httplib connection object. httplib_response = self._make_request( conn, method, url, timeout=timeout_obj, body=body, headers=headers, chunked=chunked, ) # If we're going to release the connection in ``finally:``, then # the response doesn't need to know about the connection. Otherwise # it will also try to release it and we'll have a double-release # mess. response_conn = conn if not release_conn else None # Pass method to Response for length checking response_kw["request_method"] = method # Import httplib's response into our own wrapper object response = self.ResponseCls.from_httplib( httplib_response, pool=self, connection=response_conn, retries=retries, **response_kw ) # Everything went great! clean_exit = True except EmptyPoolError: # Didn't get a connection from the pool, no need to clean up clean_exit = True release_this_conn = False raise except ( TimeoutError, HTTPException, SocketError, ProtocolError, BaseSSLError, SSLError, CertificateError, ) as e: # Discard the connection for these exceptions. It will be # replaced during the next _get_conn() call. clean_exit = False def _is_ssl_error_message_from_http_proxy(ssl_error): # We're trying to detect the message 'WRONG_VERSION_NUMBER' but # SSLErrors are kinda all over the place when it comes to the message, # so we try to cover our bases here! message = " ".join(re.split("[^a-z]", str(ssl_error).lower())) return ( "wrong version number" in message or "unknown protocol" in message ) # Try to detect a common user error with proxies which is to # set an HTTP proxy to be HTTPS when it should be 'http://' # (ie {'http': 'http://proxy', 'https': 'https://proxy'}) # Instead we add a nice error message and point to a URL. if ( isinstance(e, BaseSSLError) and self.proxy and _is_ssl_error_message_from_http_proxy(e) ): e = ProxyError( "Your proxy appears to only use HTTP and not HTTPS, " "try changing your proxy URL to be HTTP. See: " "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/advanced-usage.html" "#https-proxy-error-http-proxy", SSLError(e), ) elif isinstance(e, (BaseSSLError, CertificateError)): e = SSLError(e) elif isinstance(e, (SocketError, NewConnectionError)) and self.proxy: e = ProxyError("Cannot connect to proxy.", e) elif isinstance(e, (SocketError, HTTPException)): e = ProtocolError("Connection aborted.", e) retries = retries.increment( > method, url, error=e, _pool=self, _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2] ) .tox/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:786: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ self = Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=False, redirect=None, status=None) method = 'POST', url = '/', response = None error = NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f66886684e0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused') _pool = <urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool object at 0x7f6688668cc0> _stacktrace = <traceback object at 0x7f6688627688> def increment( self, method=None, url=None, response=None, error=None, _pool=None, _stacktrace=None, ): """Return a new Retry object with incremented retry counters. :param response: A response object, or None, if the server did not return a response. :type response: :class:`~urllib3.response.HTTPResponse` :param Exception error: An error encountered during the request, or None if the response was received successfully. :return: A new ``Retry`` object. """ if self.total is False and error: # Disabled, indicate to re-raise the error. raise six.reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace) total = self.total if total is not None: total -= 1 connect = self.connect read = self.read redirect = self.redirect status_count = self.status other = self.other cause = "unknown" status = None redirect_location = None if error and self._is_connection_error(error): # Connect retry? if connect is False: raise six.reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace) elif connect is not None: connect -= 1 elif error and self._is_read_error(error): # Read retry? if read is False or not self._is_method_retryable(method): raise six.reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace) elif read is not None: read -= 1 elif error: # Other retry? if other is not None: other -= 1 elif response and response.get_redirect_location(): # Redirect retry? if redirect is not None: redirect -= 1 cause = "too many redirects" redirect_location = response.get_redirect_location() status = response.status else: # Incrementing because of a server error like a 500 in # status_forcelist and the given method is in the allowed_methods cause = ResponseError.GENERIC_ERROR if response and response.status: if status_count is not None: status_count -= 1 cause = ResponseError.SPECIFIC_ERROR.format(status_code=response.status) status = response.status history = self.history + ( RequestHistory(method, url, error, status, redirect_location), ) new_retry = self.new( total=total, connect=connect, read=read, redirect=redirect, status=status_count, other=other, history=history, ) if new_retry.is_exhausted(): > raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause)) E urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPConnectionPool(host='127.0.0.1', port=9834): Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f66886684e0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused')) .tox/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/util/retry.py:592: MaxRetryError During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: self = <swh.graphql.tests.functional.test_origin.TestOriginConnection object at 0x7f6688dbcb70> server = None def test_get(self, server): query_str = """ { origins(first: 10) { nodes { url } } } """ > data, _ = get_query_response(query_str) .tox/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/swh/graphql/tests/functional/test_origin.py:20: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .tox/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/swh/graphql/tests/functional/test_utils.py:11: in get_query_response response = requests.post(url, json={"query": query_str}) .tox/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests/api.py:117: in post return request('post', url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs) .tox/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests/api.py:61: in request return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs) .tox/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests/sessions.py:529: in request resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs) .tox/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests/sessions.py:645: in send r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ self = <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter object at 0x7f6688660898> request = <PreparedRequest [POST]>, stream = False timeout = Timeout(connect=None, read=None, total=None), verify = True cert = None, proxies = OrderedDict() def send(self, request, stream=False, timeout=None, verify=True, cert=None, proxies=None): """Sends PreparedRequest object. Returns Response object. :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` being sent. :param stream: (optional) Whether to stream the request content. :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple. :type timeout: float or tuple or urllib3 Timeout object :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path to a CA bundle to use :param cert: (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate to be trusted. :param proxies: (optional) The proxies dictionary to apply to the request. :rtype: requests.Response """ try: conn = self.get_connection(request.url, proxies) except LocationValueError as e: raise InvalidURL(e, request=request) self.cert_verify(conn, request.url, verify, cert) url = self.request_url(request, proxies) self.add_headers(request, stream=stream, timeout=timeout, verify=verify, cert=cert, proxies=proxies) chunked = not (request.body is None or 'Content-Length' in request.headers) if isinstance(timeout, tuple): try: connect, read = timeout timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=connect, read=read) except ValueError as e: # this may raise a string formatting error. err = ("Invalid timeout {}. Pass a (connect, read) " "timeout tuple, or a single float to set " "both timeouts to the same value".format(timeout)) raise ValueError(err) elif isinstance(timeout, TimeoutSauce): pass else: timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=timeout, read=timeout) try: if not chunked: resp = conn.urlopen( method=request.method, url=url, body=request.body, headers=request.headers, redirect=False, assert_same_host=False, preload_content=False, decode_content=False, retries=self.max_retries, timeout=timeout ) # Send the request. else: if hasattr(conn, 'proxy_pool'): conn = conn.proxy_pool low_conn = conn._get_conn(timeout=DEFAULT_POOL_TIMEOUT) try: skip_host = 'Host' in request.headers low_conn.putrequest(request.method, url, skip_accept_encoding=True, skip_host=skip_host) for header, value in request.headers.items(): low_conn.putheader(header, value) low_conn.endheaders() for i in request.body: low_conn.send(hex(len(i))[2:].encode('utf-8')) low_conn.send(b'\r\n') low_conn.send(i) low_conn.send(b'\r\n') low_conn.send(b'0\r\n\r\n') # Receive the response from the server try: # For Python 2.7, use buffering of HTTP responses r = low_conn.getresponse(buffering=True) except TypeError: # For compatibility with Python 3.3+ r = low_conn.getresponse() resp = HTTPResponse.from_httplib( r, pool=conn, connection=low_conn, preload_content=False, decode_content=False ) except: # If we hit any problems here, clean up the connection. # Then, reraise so that we can handle the actual exception. low_conn.close() raise except (ProtocolError, socket.error) as err: raise ConnectionError(err, request=request) except MaxRetryError as e: if isinstance(e.reason, ConnectTimeoutError): # TODO: Remove this in 3.0.0: see #2811 if not isinstance(e.reason, NewConnectionError): raise ConnectTimeout(e, request=request) if isinstance(e.reason, ResponseError): raise RetryError(e, request=request) if isinstance(e.reason, _ProxyError): raise ProxyError(e, request=request) if isinstance(e.reason, _SSLError): # This branch is for urllib3 v1.22 and later. raise SSLError(e, request=request) > raise ConnectionError(e, request=request) E requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: HTTPConnectionPool(host='127.0.0.1', port=9834): Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f66886684e0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused')) .tox/py3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests/adapters.py:519: ConnectionError