diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -11,3 +11,6 @@
 version.txt
 .tox
 .mypy_cache/
+ceph_key*
+*.qcow2
+*.img
diff --git a/MANIFEST.in b/MANIFEST.in
--- a/MANIFEST.in
+++ b/MANIFEST.in
@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@
 include requirements*.txt
 include version.txt
 recursive-include swh py.typed
+exclude swh/objstorage/tests/winery
diff --git a/mypy.ini b/mypy.ini
--- a/mypy.ini
+++ b/mypy.ini
@@ -19,3 +19,12 @@
 
 [mypy-requests_toolbelt.*]
 ignore_missing_imports = True
+
+[mypy-psycopg2.*]
+ignore_missing_imports = True
+
+[mypy-swh.perfecthash.*]
+ignore_missing_imports = True
+
+[mypy-sh.*]
+ignore_missing_imports = True
diff --git a/requirements-swh.txt b/requirements-swh.txt
--- a/requirements-swh.txt
+++ b/requirements-swh.txt
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 swh.core[http] >= 0.3
 swh.model >= 0.0.27
+swh.perfecthash
diff --git a/requirements-test.txt b/requirements-test.txt
--- a/requirements-test.txt
+++ b/requirements-test.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 apache-libcloud
 azure-storage-blob >= 12.0, != 12.9.0  # version 12.9.0 breaks mypy https://github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-python/pull/20891
 pytest
+pytest-mock
 requests_mock[fixture] >= 1.9
 requests_toolbelt
 types-pyyaml
 types-requests
+pytest-postgresql < 4.0.0  # version 4.0 depends on psycopg 3. https://github.com/ClearcodeHQ/pytest-postgresql/blob/main/CHANGES.rst#400
+
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 aiohttp >= 3
 click
 requests
+psycopg2
+sh
 
 # optional dependencies
 # apache-libcloud
diff --git a/swh/objstorage/backends/winery/__init__.py b/swh/objstorage/backends/winery/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/swh/objstorage/backends/winery/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from .objstorage import WineryObjStorage  # noqa: F401
diff --git a/swh/objstorage/backends/winery/database.py b/swh/objstorage/backends/winery/database.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/swh/objstorage/backends/winery/database.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2021  The Software Heritage developers
+# See the AUTHORS file at the top-level directory of this distribution
+# License: GNU General Public License version 3, or any later version
+# See top-level LICENSE file for more information
+
+import logging
+import time
+
+import psycopg2
+
+LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+LOGGER.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
+
+
+class Database:
+    def __init__(self, dsn):
+        self.dsn = dsn
+
+    def create_database(self, database):
+        db = psycopg2.connect(f"{self.dsn}/postgres")
+        db.autocommit = True
+        c = db.cursor()
+        c.execute(
+            f"SELECT datname FROM pg_catalog.pg_database WHERE datname = '{database}'"
+        )
+        if c.rowcount == 0:
+            c.execute(f"CREATE DATABASE {database}")
+        c.close()
+
+    def drop_database(self, database):
+        db = psycopg2.connect(f"{self.dsn}/postgres")
+        # https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Psycopg2_Tutorial
+        # If you want to drop the database you would need to
+        # change the isolation level of the database.
+        db.set_isolation_level(0)
+        db.autocommit = True
+        c = db.cursor()
+        #
+        # Dropping the database may fail because the server takes time
+        # to notice a connection was dropped and/or a named cursor is
+        # in the process of being deleted. It can happen here or even
+        # when deleting all database with the psql cli
+        # and there are no bench process active.
+        #
+        # ERROR: database "i606428a5a6274d1ab09eecc4d019fef7" is being
+        # accessed by other users DETAIL: There is 1 other session
+        # using the database.
+        #
+        # See:
+        # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5108876/kill-a-postgresql-session-connection
+        #
+        # https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-dropdatabase.html
+        #
+        # WITH (FORCE) added in postgresql 13 but may also fail because the
+        # named cursor may not be handled as a client.
+        #
+        for i in range(60):
+            try:
+                c.execute(f"DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS {database}")
+                break
+            except psycopg2.errors.ObjectInUse:
+                LOGGER.warning(f"{database} database drop fails, waiting")
+                time.sleep(10)
+                continue
+            raise Exception("database drop fails {database}")
+        c.close()
+
+    def list_databases(self):
+        db = psycopg2.connect(f"{self.dsn}/postgres")
+        with db.cursor() as c:
+            c.execute(
+                "SELECT datname FROM pg_database "
+                "WHERE datistemplate = false and datname != 'postgres'"
+            )
+            return [r[0] for r in c.fetchall()]
diff --git a/swh/objstorage/backends/winery/objstorage.py b/swh/objstorage/backends/winery/objstorage.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/swh/objstorage/backends/winery/objstorage.py
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2021  The Software Heritage developers
+# See the AUTHORS file at the top-level directory of this distribution
+# License: GNU General Public License version 3, or any later version
+# See top-level LICENSE file for more information
+
+import logging
+from multiprocessing import Process
+
+from swh.objstorage import exc
+from swh.objstorage.objstorage import ObjStorage, compute_hash
+
+from .roshard import ROShard
+from .rwshard import RWShard
+from .sharedbase import SharedBase
+
+LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+LOGGER.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
+
+
+def pack(shard, **kwargs):
+    return Packer(shard, **kwargs).run()
+
+
+class Packer:
+    def __init__(self, shard, **kwargs):
+        self.args = kwargs
+        self.shard = shard
+        self.init()
+
+    def init(self):
+        self.base = SharedBase(**self.args)
+        self.rw = RWShard(self.shard, **self.args)
+        self.ro = ROShard(self.shard, **self.args)
+
+    def uninit(self):
+        del self.ro
+        del self.rw
+        del self.base
+
+    def run(self):
+        shard = self.ro.create(self.rw.count())
+        for obj_id, content in self.rw.all():
+            shard.write(obj_id, content)
+        shard.save()
+        self.base.shard_packing_ends()
+        return True
+
+
+class WineryObjStorage(ObjStorage):
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.args = kwargs
+        self.packers = []
+        self.init()
+
+    def init(self):
+        self.base = SharedBase(**self.args)
+        self.shard = RWShard(self.base.whoami, **self.args)
+
+    def uninit(self):
+        del self.shard
+        del self.base
+
+    def check_config(self, *, check_write):
+        return True
+
+    def __contains__(self, obj_id):
+        return self.base.contains(obj_id)
+
+    def add(self, content, obj_id=None, check_presence=True):
+        if obj_id is None:
+            obj_id = compute_hash(content)
+
+        if check_presence and obj_id in self:
+            return obj_id
+
+        shard = self.base.add_phase_1(obj_id)
+        if shard != self.base.id:
+            #  this object is the responsibility of another shard
+            return obj_id
+
+        self.shard.add(obj_id, content)
+        self.base.add_phase_2(obj_id)
+
+        if self.shard.is_full():
+            self.pack()
+
+        return obj_id
+
+    def get(self, obj_id):
+        shard_info = self.base.get(obj_id)
+        if shard_info is None:
+            raise exc.ObjNotFoundError(obj_id)
+        name, readonly = shard_info
+        if readonly:
+            pass  # ROShard
+        else:
+            shard = RWShard(name, **self.args)
+            content = shard.get(obj_id)
+        if content is None:
+            raise exc.ObjNotFoundError(obj_id)
+        return content
+
+    def check(self, obj_id):
+        # load all shards readonly == NULL and not locked (i.e. packer
+        # was interrupted for whatever reason) run pack for each of them
+        pass
+
+    def delete(self, obj_id):
+        raise PermissionError("Delete is not allowed.")
+
+    def pack(self):
+        self.base.shard_packing_starts()
+        p = Process(target=pack, args=(self.shard.name,), kwargs=self.args)
+        p.start()
+        self.packers.append(p)
+        self.uninit()
+        self.init()
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        for p in self.packers:
+            p.kill()
+            p.join()
diff --git a/swh/objstorage/backends/winery/roshard.py b/swh/objstorage/backends/winery/roshard.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/swh/objstorage/backends/winery/roshard.py
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2021  The Software Heritage developers
+# See the AUTHORS file at the top-level directory of this distribution
+# License: GNU General Public License version 3, or any later version
+# See top-level LICENSE file for more information
+
+import logging
+
+import sh
+
+from swh.perfecthash import Shard
+
+LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+LOGGER.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
+
+
+class Pool(object):
+    name = "shards"
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        self.args = kwargs
+
+    def init(self):
+        self.rbd = sh.sudo.bake("rbd", f"--pool={self.name}")
+        self.ceph = sh.sudo.bake("ceph")
+        self.image_size = self.args["shard_max_size"] * 2
+
+    def uninit(self):
+        pass
+
+    def image_list(self):
+        try:
+            self.rbd.ls()
+        except sh.ErrorReturnCode_2 as e:
+            if "No such file or directory" in e.args[0]:
+                return []
+            else:
+                raise
+        return [image.strip() for image in self.rbd.ls()]
+
+    def image_path(self, image):
+        return f"/dev/rbd/{self.name}/{image}"
+
+    def image_create(self, image):
+        LOGGER.info(f"rdb --pool {self.name} create --size={self.image_size} {image}")
+        self.rbd.create(
+            f"--size={self.image_size}", f"--data-pool={self.name}-data", image
+        )
+        self.rbd.feature.disable(
+            f"{self.name}/{image}", "object-map", "fast-diff", "deep-flatten"
+        )
+        self.image_map(image, "rw")
+
+    def image_map(self, image, options):
+        self.rbd.device("map", "-o", options, image)
+        sh.sudo("chmod", "777", self.image_path(image))
+
+    def image_remap_ro(self, image):
+        self.image_unmap(image)
+        self.image_map(image, "ro")
+
+    def image_unmap(self, image):
+        self.rbd.device.unmap(f"{self.name}/{image}", _ok_code=(0, 22))
+
+    def image_delete(self, image):
+        self.image_unmap(image)
+        LOGGER.info(f"rdb --pool {self.name} remove {image}")
+        self.rbd.remove(image)
+
+    def images_clobber(self):
+        for image in self.image_list():
+            image = image.strip()
+            self.image_unmap(image)
+
+    def clobber(self):
+        self.images_clobber()
+        self.pool_clobber()
+
+    def pool_clobber(self):
+        LOGGER.info(f"ceph osd pool delete {self.name}")
+        self.ceph.osd.pool.delete(self.name, self.name, "--yes-i-really-really-mean-it")
+        data = f"{self.name}-data"
+        LOGGER.info(f"ceph osd pool delete {data}")
+        self.ceph.osd.pool.delete(data, data, "--yes-i-really-really-mean-it")
+
+    def pool_create(self):
+        data = f"{self.name}-data"
+        LOGGER.info(f"ceph osd pool create {data}")
+        self.ceph.osd(
+            "erasure-code-profile",
+            "set",
+            "--force",
+            data,
+            "k=4",
+            "m=2",
+            "crush-failure-domain=host",
+        )
+        self.ceph.osd.pool.create(data, "200", "erasure", data)
+        self.ceph.osd.pool.set(data, "allow_ec_overwrites", "true")
+        self.ceph.osd.pool.set(data, "pg_autoscale_mode", "off")
+        LOGGER.info(f"ceph osd pool create {self.name}")
+        self.ceph.osd.pool.create(self.name)
+
+
+class ROShard:
+    def __init__(self, name, **kwargs):
+        self.pool = Pool(shard_max_size=kwargs["shard_max_size"])
+        self.pool.init()
+        self.name = name
+
+    def create(self, count):
+        self.pool.image_create(self.name)
+        self.shard = Shard(self.pool.image_path(self.name))
+        return self.shard.create(count)
diff --git a/swh/objstorage/backends/winery/rwshard.py b/swh/objstorage/backends/winery/rwshard.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/swh/objstorage/backends/winery/rwshard.py
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2021  The Software Heritage developers
+# See the AUTHORS file at the top-level directory of this distribution
+# License: GNU General Public License version 3, or any later version
+# See top-level LICENSE file for more information
+
+
+import psycopg2
+
+from .database import Database
+
+
+class RWShard(Database):
+    def __init__(self, name, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(kwargs["shard_dsn"])
+        self._name = name
+        self.create_database(self.name)
+        self.db = self.create_table(f"{self.dsn}/{self.name}")
+        self.size = self.total_size()
+        self.limit = kwargs["shard_max_size"]
+
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        return self._name
+
+    def is_full(self):
+        return self.size > self.limit
+
+    def create_table(self, dsn):
+        db = psycopg2.connect(dsn)
+        db.autocommit = True
+        c = db.cursor()
+        c.execute(
+            "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS objects("
+            "key BYTEA PRIMARY KEY, "
+            "content BYTEA "
+            ")"
+        )
+        c.close()
+        return db
+
+    def total_size(self):
+        with self.db.cursor() as c:
+            c.execute("SELECT SUM(LENGTH(content)) FROM objects")
+            size = c.fetchone()[0]
+            if size is None:
+                return 0
+            else:
+                return size
+
+    def add(self, obj_id, content):
+        try:
+            with self.db.cursor() as c:
+                c.execute(
+                    "INSERT INTO objects (key, content) VALUES (%s, %s)",
+                    (obj_id, content),
+                )
+            self.db.commit()
+            self.size += len(content)
+        except psycopg2.errors.UniqueViolation:
+            pass
+
+    def get(self, obj_id):
+        with self.db.cursor() as c:
+            c.execute("SELECT content FROM objects WHERE key = %s", (obj_id,))
+            if c.rowcount == 0:
+                return None
+            else:
+                return c.fetchone()[0].tobytes()
+
+    def all(self):
+        with self.db.cursor() as c:
+            c.execute("SELECT key,content FROM objects")
+            for row in c:
+                yield row[0].tobytes(), row[1].tobytes()
+
+    def count(self):
+        with self.db.cursor() as c:
+            c.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM objects")
+            return c.fetchone()[0]
diff --git a/swh/objstorage/backends/winery/sharedbase.py b/swh/objstorage/backends/winery/sharedbase.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/swh/objstorage/backends/winery/sharedbase.py
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2021  The Software Heritage developers
+# See the AUTHORS file at the top-level directory of this distribution
+# License: GNU General Public License version 3, or any later version
+# See top-level LICENSE file for more information
+
+import uuid
+
+import psycopg2
+
+from .database import Database
+
+
+class SharedBase(Database):
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(kwargs["base_dsn"])
+        database = "sharedbase"
+        self.create_database(database)
+        self.db = self.create_table(f"{self.dsn}/{database}")
+        self._whoami = None
+
+    def create_table(self, dsn):
+        db = psycopg2.connect(dsn)
+        db.autocommit = True
+        c = db.cursor()
+        c.execute(
+            "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS shards("
+            "id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, "
+            "readonly BOOLEAN, "
+            "packing BOOLEAN, "
+            "name CHAR(32) NOT NULL "
+            ")"
+        )
+        c.execute(
+            "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS signature2shard("
+            "signature BYTEA PRIMARY KEY, "
+            "inflight BOOLEAN NOT NULL, "
+            "shard INTEGER NOT NULL"
+            ")"
+        )
+        c.close()
+        return db
+
+    @property
+    def whoami(self):
+        self.set_whoami()
+        return self._whoami
+
+    @property
+    def id(self):
+        self.set_whoami()
+        return self._whoami_id
+
+    def set_whoami(self):
+        if self._whoami is not None:
+            return
+
+        while True:
+            self._whoami, self._whoami_id = self.lock_a_shard()
+            if self._whoami is not None:
+                return self._whoami
+            self.create_shard()
+
+    def lock_a_shard(self):
+        with self.db.cursor() as c:
+            c.execute(
+                "SELECT name FROM shards WHERE readonly = FALSE and packing = FALSE "
+                "LIMIT 1 FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED"
+            )
+            if c.rowcount == 0:
+                return None, None
+            name = c.fetchone()[0]
+        return self.lock_shard(name)
+
+    def lock_shard(self, name):
+        self.whoami_lock = self.db.cursor()
+        try:
+            self.whoami_lock.execute(
+                "SELECT name, id FROM shards "
+                "WHERE readonly = FALSE AND packing = FALSE AND name = %s "
+                "FOR UPDATE NOWAIT",
+                (name,),
+            )
+            return self.whoami_lock.fetchone()
+        except Exception:
+            return None
+
+    def unlock_shard(self):
+        del self.whoami_lock
+
+    def create_shard(self):
+        name = uuid.uuid4().hex
+        #
+        # ensure the first character is not a number so it can be used as a
+        # database name.
+        #
+        name = "i" + name[1:]
+        with self.db.cursor() as c:
+            c.execute(
+                "INSERT INTO shards (name, readonly, packing) "
+                "VALUES (%s, FALSE, FALSE)",
+                (name,),
+            )
+        self.db.commit()
+
+    def shard_packing_starts(self):
+        with self.db.cursor() as c:
+            c.execute(
+                "UPDATE shards SET packing = TRUE WHERE name = %s", (self.whoami,)
+            )
+        self.unlock_shard()
+
+    def shard_packing_ends(self):
+        with self.db.cursor() as c:
+            c.execute(
+                "UPDATE shards SET readonly = TRUE, packing = FALSE " "WHERE name = %s",
+                (self.whoami,),
+            )
+
+    def get_shard_info(self, id):
+        with self.db.cursor() as c:
+            c.execute("SELECT name, readonly FROM shards WHERE id = %s", (id,))
+            if c.rowcount == 0:
+                return None
+            else:
+                return c.fetchone()
+
+    def contains(self, obj_id):
+        with self.db.cursor() as c:
+            c.execute(
+                "SELECT shard FROM signature2shard WHERE "
+                "signature = %s AND inflight = FALSE",
+                (obj_id,),
+            )
+            if c.rowcount == 0:
+                return None
+            else:
+                return c.fetchone()[0]
+
+    def get(self, obj_id):
+        id = self.contains(obj_id)
+        if id is None:
+            return None
+        return self.get_shard_info(id)
+
+    def add_phase_1(self, obj_id):
+        try:
+            with self.db.cursor() as c:
+                c.execute(
+                    "INSERT INTO signature2shard (signature, shard, inflight) "
+                    "VALUES (%s, %s, TRUE)",
+                    (obj_id, self.id),
+                )
+            self.db.commit()
+            return self.id
+        except psycopg2.errors.UniqueViolation:
+            return self.contains(obj_id)
+
+    def add_phase_2(self, obj_id):
+        with self.db.cursor() as c:
+            c.execute(
+                "UPDATE signature2shard SET inflight = FALSE "
+                "WHERE signature = %s AND shard = %s",
+                (obj_id, self.id),
+            )
+        self.db.commit()
diff --git a/swh/objstorage/factory.py b/swh/objstorage/factory.py
--- a/swh/objstorage/factory.py
+++ b/swh/objstorage/factory.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 from swh.objstorage.backends.noop import NoopObjStorage
 from swh.objstorage.backends.pathslicing import PathSlicingObjStorage
 from swh.objstorage.backends.seaweedfs import SeaweedFilerObjStorage
+from swh.objstorage.backends.winery import WineryObjStorage
 from swh.objstorage.multiplexer import MultiplexerObjStorage, StripingObjStorage
 from swh.objstorage.multiplexer.filter import add_filters
 from swh.objstorage.objstorage import ID_HASH_LENGTH, ObjStorage  # noqa
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@
     "seaweedfs": SeaweedFilerObjStorage,
     "random": RandomGeneratorObjStorage,
     "http": HTTPReadOnlyObjStorage,
+    "winery": WineryObjStorage,
     "noop": NoopObjStorage,
 }
 
diff --git a/swh/objstorage/tests/conftest.py b/swh/objstorage/tests/conftest.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/swh/objstorage/tests/conftest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+def pytest_configure(config):
+    config.addinivalue_line("markers", "shard_max_size: winery backend")
diff --git a/swh/objstorage/tests/test_objstorage_winery.py b/swh/objstorage/tests/test_objstorage_winery.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/swh/objstorage/tests/test_objstorage_winery.py
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2021  The Software Heritage developers
+# See the AUTHORS file at the top-level directory of this distribution
+# License: GNU General Public License version 3, or any later version
+# See top-level LICENSE file for more information
+
+import pytest
+import sh
+
+from swh.objstorage import exc
+from swh.objstorage.backends.winery.database import Database
+from swh.objstorage.backends.winery.objstorage import Packer
+from swh.objstorage.backends.winery.roshard import Pool
+from swh.objstorage.factory import get_objstorage
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def needs_ceph():
+    try:
+        sh.ceph("--version")
+    except sh.CommandNotFound:
+        pytest.skip("the ceph CLI was not found")
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def ceph_pool(needs_ceph):
+    pool = Pool(shard_max_size=10 * 1024 * 1024)
+    pool.init()
+    pool.clobber()
+    pool.pool_create()
+
+    yield pool
+
+    pool.images_clobber()
+    pool.clobber()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def winery(request, postgresql):
+    marker = request.node.get_closest_marker("shard_max_size")
+    if marker is None:
+        shard_max_size = 1024
+    else:
+        shard_max_size = marker.args[0]
+    dsn = (
+        f"postgres://{postgresql.info.user}"
+        f":@{postgresql.info.host}:{postgresql.info.port}"
+    )
+    winery = get_objstorage(
+        cls="winery", base_dsn=dsn, shard_dsn=dsn, shard_max_size=shard_max_size
+    )
+    yield winery
+    #
+    # del winery will get rid of all cnx to postgres that would otherwise block
+    # the "drop database" of the pytest-posgreql fixture (as shown by
+    # strace) when a test fails.
+    #
+    winery.uninit()
+    #
+    # pytest-postgresql will not remove databases that it did not create
+    #
+    d = Database(dsn)
+    for database in d.list_databases():
+        if database != postgresql.info.dbname and database != "tests_tmpl":
+            d.drop_database(database)
+
+
+def test_winery_sharedbase(winery):
+    base = winery.base
+    shard1 = base.whoami
+    assert shard1 is not None
+    assert shard1 == base.whoami
+
+    id1 = base.id
+    assert id1 is not None
+    assert id1 == base.id
+
+
+def test_winery_add_get(winery):
+    shard = winery.base.whoami
+    content = b"SOMETHING"
+    obj_id = winery.add(content=content)
+    assert obj_id.hex() == "0c8c841f7d9fd4874d841506d3ffc16808b1d579"
+    assert winery.add(content=content, obj_id=obj_id) == obj_id
+    assert winery.add(content=content, obj_id=obj_id, check_presence=False) == obj_id
+    assert winery.base.whoami == shard
+    assert winery.get(obj_id) == content
+    with pytest.raises(exc.ObjNotFoundError):
+        winery.get(b"unknown")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.shard_max_size(1)
+def test_winery_add_and_pack(winery, mocker):
+    mocker.patch("swh.objstorage.backends.winery.objstorage.pack", return_value=True)
+    shard = winery.base.whoami
+    content = b"SOMETHING"
+    obj_id = winery.add(content=content)
+    assert obj_id.hex() == "0c8c841f7d9fd4874d841506d3ffc16808b1d579"
+    assert winery.base.whoami != shard
+    assert len(winery.packers) == 1
+    packer = winery.packers[0]
+    packer.join()
+    assert packer.exitcode == 0
+
+
+def test_winery_delete(winery):
+    with pytest.raises(PermissionError):
+        winery.delete(None)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.shard_max_size(10 * 1024 * 1024)
+def test_winery_packer(winery, ceph_pool):
+    shard = winery.base.whoami
+    content = b"SOMETHING"
+    winery.add(content=content)
+    winery.base.shard_packing_starts()
+    packer = Packer(shard, **winery.args)
+    try:
+        assert packer.run() is True
+    finally:
+        packer.uninit()
+
+
+def test_winery_ceph_pool(needs_ceph):
+    name = "IMAGE"
+    pool = Pool(shard_max_size=10 * 1024 * 1024)
+    pool.init()
+    pool.clobber()
+    pool.pool_create()
+    pool.image_create(name)
+    p = pool.image_path(name)
+    assert p.endswith(name)
+    something = "SOMETHING"
+    open(p, "w").write(something)
+    assert open(p).read(len(something)) == something
+    assert pool.image_list() == [name]
+    pool.image_remap_ro(name)
+    pool.images_clobber()
+    assert pool.image_list() == [name]
+    pool.clobber()
+    assert pool.image_list() == []
diff --git a/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/README.md b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/README.md
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Installation
+
+* ensure virsh is available
+* pip install -r requirements.txt
+
+# Create
+
+* ansible-galaxy install geerlingguy.docker
+* ./build-vms.sh
+* runner=debian@10.11.12.211
+* idx=debian@10.11.12.213
+* ansible-playbook -i inventory ceph.yml osd.yml rw.yml tests.yml
+
+# Running
+
+* rsync -av --exclude=.mypy_cache --exclude=.coverage --exclude=.eggs --exclude=swh.objstorage.egg-info --exclude=*.img --exclude=*.qcow2 --exclude=.tox --exclude='*~' --exclude=__pycache__ --exclude='*.py[co]' $(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)/ $runner:swh-objstorage/ ; ssh -t $runner bash -c "'cd swh-objstorage ; ../venv/bin/tox -e py3 -- -k test_winery'"
+
+# Destroy
+
+* ./build-vms.sh stop $(seq 1 8)
diff --git a/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/build-vms.sh b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/build-vms.sh
new file mode 100755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/build-vms.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2021  The Software Heritage developers
+# See the AUTHORS file at the top-level directory of this distribution
+# License: GNU General Public License version 3, or any later version
+# See top-level LICENSE file for more information
+
+function stop() {
+    local ids="$@"
+
+    for id in $ids ; do
+	virsh destroy ceph$id
+	virsh undefine ceph$id
+	rm -f ceph$id.qcow2
+    done
+    virsh net-destroy ceph
+    virsh net-undefine ceph
+    rm -f ceph*.img
+}
+
+function start() {
+    local ids="$@"
+
+    if ! test -f debian-11.qcow2 ; then
+	sudo virt-builder debian-11 --output debian-11.qcow2 --size 10G --format qcow2 --install sudo --run-command 'dpkg-reconfigure --frontend=noninteractive openssh-server' --run-command 'useradd -s /bin/bash -m debian || true ; echo "debian ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" > /etc/sudoers.d/90-debian'  --ssh-inject debian:file:$HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub --edit '/etc/network/interfaces: s/ens2/enp1s0/'
+    fi
+
+    if ! virsh net-list --name | grep ceph ; then
+	cat > /tmp/ceph-net.xml <<EOF
+            <network>
+              <name>ceph</name>
+              <forward mode='nat'/>
+              <bridge name='virbrceph' stp='on' delay='0'/>
+              <ip address='10.11.12.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
+                <dhcp>
+                  <range start='10.11.12.100' end='10.11.12.200'/>
+		  <host mac='52:54:00:00:00:01' name='ceph1' ip='10.11.12.211'/>
+		  <host mac='52:54:00:00:00:02' name='ceph2' ip='10.11.12.212'/>
+		  <host mac='52:54:00:00:00:03' name='ceph3' ip='10.11.12.213'/>
+		  <host mac='52:54:00:00:00:04' name='ceph4' ip='10.11.12.214'/>
+		  <host mac='52:54:00:00:00:05' name='ceph5' ip='10.11.12.215'/>
+		  <host mac='52:54:00:00:00:06' name='ceph6' ip='10.11.12.216'/>
+		  <host mac='52:54:00:00:00:07' name='ceph7' ip='10.11.12.217'/>
+		  <host mac='52:54:00:00:00:08' name='ceph8' ip='10.11.12.218'/>
+		  <host mac='52:54:00:00:00:09' name='ceph9' ip='10.11.12.219'/>
+                </dhcp>
+              </ip>
+            </network>
+EOF
+	virsh net-define /tmp/ceph-net.xml
+	virsh net-start ceph
+    fi
+
+
+    for id in $ids ; do
+	virsh destroy ceph$id
+	virsh undefine ceph$id
+	rm -f ceph$id.qcow2
+	cp --sparse=always debian-11.qcow2 ceph$id.qcow2
+	sudo virt-sysprep -a ceph$id.qcow2 --enable customize --hostname ceph$id
+	virt-install --network network=ceph,mac=52:54:00:00:00:0$id --boot hd --name ceph$id --memory 2048 --vcpus 1 --cpu host --disk path=$(pwd)/ceph$id.qcow2,bus=virtio,format=qcow2 --os-type=linux --os-variant=debian10 --graphics none --noautoconsole
+	case $id in
+	    1)
+		;;
+	    2)
+		virsh detach-device ceph$id rng.xml --live
+		for drive in b c ; do
+		    #
+		    # Without the sleep it fails with:
+		    #
+		    # error: Failed to attach disk
+		    # error: internal error: No more available PCI slots
+		    #
+		    sleep 10
+		    rm -f disk$id$drive.img
+		    qemu-img create -f raw disk$id$drive.img 20G
+		    sudo chown libvirt-qemu disk$id$drive.img
+		    virsh attach-disk ceph$id --source $(pwd)/disk$id$drive.img --target vd$drive --persistent
+		done
+		;;
+	    *)
+		rm -f disk$id.img
+		qemu-img create -f raw disk$id.img 20G
+		sudo chown libvirt-qemu disk$id.img
+		virsh attach-disk ceph$id --source $(pwd)/disk$id.img --target vdb --persistent
+		;;
+	esac
+    done
+}
+
+function restart() {
+    local ids="$@"
+    stop $ids
+    start $ids
+}
+
+if test "$1" ; then
+    "$@"
+else
+    restart 1 2 3 5 4 6 7 8
+fi
diff --git a/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/ceph.yml b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/ceph.yml
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/ceph.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#
+# notes to install a client
+#  https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/cephadm/client-setup/
+#  ceph config generate-minimal-conf > /etc/ceph/ceph.conf
+#  ceph auth get-or-create client.admin > /etc/ceph/ceph.keyring
+#
+- hosts: localhost
+  gather_facts: false
+
+  pre_tasks:
+
+    - name: keygen ceph_key
+      shell: |
+        ssh-keygen -f ceph_key -N '' -t rsa
+      args:
+        creates: ceph_key
+
+- hosts: all
+  become: true
+
+  pre_tasks:
+
+    - name: mkdir /root/.ssh
+      file:
+        path: /root/.ssh
+        state: directory
+        mode: 700
+
+    - name: touch /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
+      file:
+        path: /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
+        state: touch
+
+    - name: add ceph_key.pub to /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
+      lineinfile:
+        path: /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
+        line: "{{ lookup('file', 'ceph_key.pub') }}"
+
+    - name: apt install
+      apt:
+        name:
+          - htop
+          - iotop
+          - iftop
+          - iperf
+
+- hosts: ceph
+  become: true
+
+  pre_tasks:
+
+    - name: apt install lvm2 curl gnupg2
+      apt:
+        name:
+          - lvm2
+          - curl
+          - gnupg2
+
+    - name: apt-key https://download.ceph.com/keys/release.asc
+      apt_key:
+        url: https://download.ceph.com/keys/release.asc
+
+    - name: add repository
+      apt_repository:
+        repo: "deb https://download.ceph.com/debian-pacific/ bullseye main"
+        filename: ceph
+
+    - name: apt install cephadm ceph-common
+      apt:
+        name:
+          - cephadm
+          - ceph-common
+
+  roles:
+    - geerlingguy.docker
+
+- hosts: all
+  become: true
+
+  tasks:
+
+    - name: "add {{ inventory_hostname }} to /etc/hosts"
+      lineinfile:
+        path: /etc/hosts
+        line: "{{ hostvars[inventory_hostname]['ansible_default_ipv4']['address'] }} {{ inventory_hostname }}"
+      delegate_to: ceph1
+
+    - name: set hostname
+      hostname:
+        name: "{{ inventory_hostname }}"
+
+- hosts: mon
+  become: true
+
+  tasks:
+
+    - name: scp ceph_key.*
+      copy:
+        src: "{{ item }}"
+        dest: "{{ item }}"
+      loop:
+        - ceph_key
+        - ceph_key.pub
+
+    - name: cephadm bootstrap
+      shell: |
+        set -ex
+        cephadm bootstrap --mon-ip {{ hostvars[groups['mon'][0]]['ansible_default_ipv4']['address'] }}
+        cephadm shell ceph cephadm clear-key
+        ceph config-key set mgr/cephadm/ssh_identity_key -i ceph_key
+        ceph config-key set mgr/cephadm/ssh_identity_pub -i ceph_key.pub
+        ceph orch apply osd --all-available-devices
+      args:
+        creates: /etc/ceph/ceph.pub
+
+    - name: ceph configuration
+      shell: |
+        set -ex
+        ceph config set mon mon_allow_pool_delete true
+        # does not work for some reason: must be done manually
+        cephadm shell ceph mgr fail # required for mgr/cephadm/ssh_identity* to be refreshed
diff --git a/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/inventory/group_vars/all/rw.yml b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/inventory/group_vars/all/rw.yml
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/inventory/group_vars/all/rw.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+rw_disk1: /dev/vdb
+rw_disk2: /dev/vdc
+postgres_shared_buffers: 512MB
+postgres_effective_cache_size: 1GB
diff --git a/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/inventory/groups.yml b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/inventory/groups.yml
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/inventory/groups.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+ceph:
+  children:
+    mon:
+    osd:
+
+mon:
+  hosts:
+    ceph1:
+
+rw:
+  hosts:
+    ceph2:
diff --git a/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/inventory/hosts.yml b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/inventory/hosts.yml
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/inventory/hosts.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+all:
+  hosts:
+    ceph1: {ansible_host: 10.11.12.211, ansible_port: '22', ansible_user: debian, ansible_python_interpreter: '/usr/bin/python3'}
+    ceph2: {ansible_host: 10.11.12.212, ansible_port: '22', ansible_user: debian, ansible_python_interpreter: '/usr/bin/python3'}
+    ceph3: {ansible_host: 10.11.12.213, ansible_port: '22', ansible_user: debian, ansible_python_interpreter: '/usr/bin/python3'}
+    ceph4: {ansible_host: 10.11.12.214, ansible_port: '22', ansible_user: debian, ansible_python_interpreter: '/usr/bin/python3'}
+    ceph5: {ansible_host: 10.11.12.215, ansible_port: '22', ansible_user: debian, ansible_python_interpreter: '/usr/bin/python3'}
+    ceph6: {ansible_host: 10.11.12.216, ansible_port: '22', ansible_user: debian, ansible_python_interpreter: '/usr/bin/python3'}
+    ceph7: {ansible_host: 10.11.12.217, ansible_port: '22', ansible_user: debian, ansible_python_interpreter: '/usr/bin/python3'}
+    ceph8: {ansible_host: 10.11.12.218, ansible_port: '22', ansible_user: debian, ansible_python_interpreter: '/usr/bin/python3'}
diff --git a/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/inventory/osd.yml b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/inventory/osd.yml
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/inventory/osd.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+---
+osd:
+  hosts:
+    ceph3:
+    ceph4:
+    ceph5:
+    ceph6:
+    ceph7:
+    ceph8:
diff --git a/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/osd.yml b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/osd.yml
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/osd.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+---
+
+- hosts: osd
+  become: true
+
+  tasks:
+
+    - name: add host
+      shell: |
+        ceph orch host add {{ inventory_hostname }}
+      delegate_to: ceph1
+
+- hosts: osd
+  become: true
+
+  tasks:
+
+    - name: wait for host
+      shell: |
+        ceph orch host ls | grep '^{{ inventory_hostname }} '
+      delegate_to: ceph1
+      register: host
+      until: host is success
+      retries: 30
+      delay: 5
+
+- hosts: osd
+  become: true
+
+  tasks:
+
+    # the desired side effect here is twofold
+    # * device zap blocks until the osd daemon is ready on the target host
+    # * on grid5000 /dev/sdc needs to be applied
+    - name: zap /dev/sdc
+      shell: |
+        ceph orch device zap {{ inventory_hostname }} /dev/sdc --force || true
+      delegate_to: ceph1
diff --git a/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/requirements.txt b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/requirements.txt
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/requirements.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ansible
diff --git a/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/rng.xml b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/rng.xml
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/rng.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+    <rng model='virtio'>
+      <backend model='random'>/dev/urandom</backend>
+      <alias name='rng0'/>
+      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x06' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
+    </rng>
diff --git a/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/rw.yml b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/rw.yml
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/rw.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+---
+- name: install and configure Read Write Storage
+  hosts: rw
+  become: true
+
+  pre_tasks:
+
+    - name: zap attached disks
+      shell: |
+        for disk in {{ rw_disk1 }} {{ rw_disk2 }} ; do
+          dd if=/dev/zero of=$disk count=100 bs=1024k
+        done
+        touch /etc/zapped.done
+      args:
+        creates: /etc/zapped.done
+
+    - name: apt install lvm2
+      apt:
+        name:
+          - lvm2
+
+    - name: vgcreate pg
+      lvg:
+        vg: pg
+        pvs: "{{ rw_disk1 }},{{ rw_disk2 }}"
+
+    - name: lvcreate pg
+      lvol:
+        vg: pg
+        lv: pg
+        size: +100%FREE
+
+    - name: mkfs /dev/mapper/pg-pg
+      filesystem:
+        fstype: ext4
+#        force: yes
+        dev: /dev/mapper/pg-pg
+
+    - name: mkdir /var/lib/postgresql
+      file:
+        path: /var/lib/postgresql
+        state: directory
+        mode: 755
+
+    - name: mount /var/lib/postgresql
+      mount:
+        path: /var/lib/postgresql
+        src: /dev/mapper/pg-pg
+        fstype: ext4
+        state: mounted
+
+    - name: apt install postgres
+      apt:
+        name:
+          - postgresql
+          - postgresql-contrib
+          - libpq-dev
+          - python3-psycopg2
+          - acl
+
+    - name: postgresql.conf max_connections = 1000
+      lineinfile:
+        path: /etc/postgresql/13/main/postgresql.conf
+        regexp: '^max_connections'
+        line: "max_connections = 1000"
+
+    #
+    # https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Tuning_Your_PostgreSQL_Server
+    #
+    - name: postgresql.conf shared_buffers
+      lineinfile:
+        path: /etc/postgresql/13/main/postgresql.conf
+        regexp: '^shared_buffers'
+        # 1/4 RAM
+        line: "shared_buffers = {{ postgres_shared_buffers }}"
+
+    - name: postgresql.conf effective_cache_size
+      lineinfile:
+        path: /etc/postgresql/13/main/postgresql.conf
+        regexp: '.*effective_cache_size'
+        # 1/2 RAM
+        line: "effective_cache_size = {{ postgres_effective_cache_size }}"
+
+    - name: postgresql.conf random_page_cost
+      lineinfile:
+        path: /etc/postgresql/13/main/postgresql.conf
+        regexp: '.*random_page_cost'
+        line: "random_page_cost = 2.0"
+
+    - name: listen on *
+      lineinfile:
+        path: /etc/postgresql/13/main/postgresql.conf
+        line: "listen_addresses = '*'"
+
+    - name: allow all connexions
+      lineinfile:
+        path: /etc/postgresql/13/main/pg_hba.conf
+        line: "host all all 0.0.0.0/0 trust"
+
+    - name: systemctl restart postgresql
+      service:
+        name: postgresql
+        state: restarted
+
+    - name: pg user testuser/testpassword
+      postgresql_user:
+        name: testuser
+        password: testpassword
+        role_attr_flags: SUPERUSER
+      become_user: postgres
diff --git a/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/tests.yml b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/tests.yml
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/swh/objstorage/tests/winery/tests.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+- name: install test environment
+  hosts: mon
+
+  pre_tasks:
+
+    - name: apt install
+      apt:
+        name:
+          - emacs-nox
+          - gcc
+          - libcap-dev
+          - libcmph-dev
+          - libpq-dev
+          - postgresql-client-common
+          - postgresql-13
+          - python3-pip
+          - python3-rbd
+          - rsync
+          - tmux
+          - virtualenv
+      become: true
+
+    - name: configure venv
+      shell: |
+        virtualenv venv
+        venv/bin/pip3 install tox
+      args:
+        creates: venv
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 commands =
   pytest --cov={envsitepackagesdir}/swh/objstorage \
          {envsitepackagesdir}/swh/objstorage \
-         --cov-branch {posargs}
+         --cov-branch --cov-report term-missing {posargs}
 
 [testenv:black]
 skip_install = true